Status before inference

A collaboration abstract is a public research question. A working paper is a manuscript draft. A public preprint is neither a peer-reviewed finding nor a claim of completed validation.

Field-native

A finance paper should survive finance review. A biology paper should survive biology review. The broader synthesis is not the public argument.

Claims with conditions

Each public result should identify its question, method, scope, and material limitations. A result should not be generalized beyond what its record supports.

Collaboration Abstract

A public research question: the hypothesis, possible methods, and evidence needed to develop it are open for domain review.

Working Paper

A manuscript draft. Its argument and analysis may change; it is not a peer-reviewed finding unless the record explicitly says so.

Public Preprint

A public manuscript with a stable version and citation record. It is not peer reviewed unless the record explicitly says so.